{"id":1971,"date":"2010-10-18T10:29:37","date_gmt":"2010-10-18T09:29:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.enricobaccarini.com\/?p=1971"},"modified":"2010-10-18T10:29:37","modified_gmt":"2010-10-18T09:29:37","slug":"il-seti-post-detection-protocol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enricobaccarini.com\/?p=1971","title":{"rendered":"Il SETI Post-Detection Protocol"},"content":{"rendered":"
                    \"\"<\/a>\r\n                                FOREWORD\r\n\r\nThis open document is a proposal to begin serious international consultation on the question of future\r\nattempts deliberately to transmit electromagnetic signals from Earth to extraterrestrial civilizations.  It was\r\nprepared over a number of years in the SETI Committee of the International Academy of Astronautics by\r\na special subcommittee under the leadership of Michael Michaud.  It has been endorsed by the Board of\r\nTrustees of the Academy, which decided to make it a formal Academy Position Paper.  It has also been\r\nendorsed by the Board of Directors of the International Institute of Space Law.  Both organizations consider\r\nthat the questions raised in the document are of sufficient import to warrant sending it to many nations with\r\na request that they consider bringing it to the attention of the Committee of the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space\r\nof the United Nations, for further study, and possible action, on behalf of all humankind.  To begin this\r\nprocess, letters will be going out to the COPUOS nations shortly.\r\n\r\n                                             John Billingham\r\n                                             Chairman\r\n                                             SETI Committee\r\n                                             International Academy of Astronautics \r\n                                             March 22, 1996\r\n\r\nEnclosure:  IAA Position Paper\r\n\r\nThere is no copyright on this material.\r\n\r\nInternational Academy of Astronautics Position Paper\r\n\r\nA Decision Process for Examining the Possibility of Sending Communications to Extraterrestrial\r\nCivilizations\r\n\r\nA Proposal\r\n\r\n                                Summary\r\n\r\nThis position paper outlines an approach to an international process for deciding whether and how to send\r\na communication to an extraterrestrial civilization.\r\n\r\nFor over thirty years, humans have used radio technology to conduct searches for evidence of extraterrestrial\r\nintelligence (ETI).  Collectively, these efforts are known as the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence\r\n(SETI).\r\n\r\nIf SETI is successful in detecting an extraterrestrial civilization, it will raise the question of whether and how\r\nhumanity should attempt to communicate with the other civilization.  How should that decision be made? \r\nWhat should be the content of such a message?  Who should decide?  The same questions would apply to\r\nproposals that signals be sent in the absence of detection, in the hope that they might be detected by an\r\nextraterrestrial civilization.\r\n\r\nThe first section of this paper introduces the idea of extraterrestrial intelligent life, and describes our growing\r\nscientific and technological capabilities for SETI.  The second section addresses the issue of humanity's\r\nsending a communication.  The third section proposes the development of a Declaration of Principles\r\nconcerning the sending of communications to extraterrestrial intelligence.\r\n\r\nI. The Science of SETI\r\n\r\nSpeculation about life on other worlds has a very long history, dating back at least as far as Classical Greece. \r\nThe Copernican revolution, which displaced the Earth from the center of the universe, accelerated\r\nspeculation about intelligent life elsewhere, as other worlds came to seem more equal to our own1. \r\nSubsequent advances in astronomy and the study of evolution have made it seem more probable that life,\r\nincluding intelligent life, may be widespread in the universe.  The central hypothesis of SETI is that we have\r\nthe means to detect evidence of extraterrestrial civilizations, particularly the electromagnetic signals they\r\nmay emit.\r\n\r\nIn 1959, Giuseppe Cocconi and Philip Morrison, noting the existence of powerful radio telescopes, proposed\r\nthat a search be made at frequencies near the hydrogen line (21 centimeters)2.  In 1960, the American radio\r\nastronomer Frank Drake independently carried out the first search using a radio telescope, aiming at two\r\nnearby stars3.  Since then, about sixty other searches have been carried out by American, Russian, Canadian,\r\nFrench, and Argentine astronomers, though without detecting credible evidence of ETI4.\r\n\r\nWithin the radio spectrum, there is a region known as the free space microwave window, between 1\r\ngigahertz and 60 gigahertz.  This is the quietest region of the radio spectrum; it is the region in which it is\r\neasiest to detect a faint radio signal emanating from another civilization against the noise of the natural\r\nbackground.  The 21 centimeter line is at the low frequency end of this window.  Most radio searches for\r\nETI have concentrated on this region of the radio spectrum.\r\n\r\nWhile the scientific and technological sophistication of these searches has grown in recent years, the central\r\nstrategy of SETI remains to listen.  However, proposals also have been made to send our own signals in the\r\nhope that they will be detected by another civilization and will generate a response.  Whichever strategy we\r\npursue, our improving capabilities are making detection more likely.\r\n\r\nThe signal we detect could range from a simple carrier wave conveying little information to a message rich\r\nin information.  The signal could have been transmitted to attract the attention of other civilizations, or we\r\nmight \"overhear\" internal communications of the other civilization.  In either case, we would know for the\r\nfirst time that we are not alone.  Our conception of the universe and our future as a species surely would\r\nchange, as it did after the Copernican revolution.  Information from the other civilization could have a\r\nsignificant impact on our science and our culture.\r\n\r\nTen years ago, the SETI Committee of the International Academy of Astronautics began discussing the\r\nquestion of what Humankind should do after a detection.  One result of these exchanges was a series of\r\npapers in a Special Issue of Acta Astronautica, entitled \"SETI Post Detection Protocol\"5.  The discussions\r\nalso led to the formulation of a \"Declaration of Principles Concerning Activities Following the Detection\r\nof Extraterrestrial Intelligence\" (see Annex I, for full text or SPIE's OSETI I Proceedings).  This document,\r\nwhich is intended for voluntary agreement among researchers, has been endorsed by six international space\r\nand astronomy organizations.  While most of the principles in the Declaration deal with the dissemination\r\nof knowledge of the discovery, one principle deals with the question of sending a communication in\r\nresponse to the discovery.\r\n\r\nII.   Sending a Communication from Earth\r\n\r\nDetecting a signal from an extraterrestrial civilization would raise an important question:  should we humans\r\nsend a message back to the civilization that we have detected, a \"response from Earth\"?  This issue also has\r\nbeen examined by a number of interested persons during recent years, notably in the SETI Committee of the\r\nInternational Academy of Astronautics.  Proposals to send messages to attract the attention of other\r\ncivilizations we have not yet detected (sometimes called \"active SETI\") raise essentially the same question6.\r\n\r\nOne approach would be to make no effort to prepare for this eventuality, addressing the question at the time\r\nof a discovery.  Another approach is to begin to address the question now, even in the absence of confirmed\r\nevidence of extraterrestrial intelligence.  Such a discussion could lead to the development of an agreement\r\nor procedure on this issue.\r\n\r\nPrinciple 8 of the Declaration of Principles Concerning Activities Following the Detection of Extraterrestrial\r\nIntelligence states that \"No response to a signal or other evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence should be\r\nsent\r\nuntil appropriate international consultations have taken place.  The procedures for such consultations will\r\nbe the subject of a separate agreement, declaration, or arrangement.\".\r\n\r\nThe substance of such a response has been discussed by several authors in recent years.  In the mid-1980s,\r\nGoodman and Ney proposed international agreements on this issue7, and Goldsmith proposed that the\r\nInternational Astronautical Federation and the International Astronomical Union create a committee to\r\nattempt to reach a consensus on an international \"reply from Earth\"8.  More recently, Michaud et al. have\r\nproposed that an agreement be developed creating an international process by which the species would\r\ndecide whether and how to reply if a detection is made9.\r\n\r\nHowever one chooses to address this issue, an array of questions emerges.  One is whether it is worth the\r\nexpenditure of any significant effort to address the question now.  It could be years, decades, or even\r\ncenturies before we detect a signal, if we ever do.  Despite this uncertainty, the fact remains that we could\r\ndetect a signal in the near future, particularly because of the increased scale and sensitivity of SETI searches.\r\n\r\nIf we decide that this question is worth addressing, how should we go about it?  Should we make a decision\r\nin advance of a detection that humanity should or should not send a message?  Should we attempt to design\r\na generic response, or should we wait until we have a signal to analyze?  If we decide to send a message,\r\nwhat should be its content?  Should humanity respond as one, or with many different messages from\r\nseparate nations or organizations?  Who should decide on these questions?\r\n\r\nThe issues involved in sending messages to extraterrestrial civilizations raise profound philosophical and\r\npolitical questions.  These questions are of such weight for the future of our own civilization as to merit\r\nextensive discussion, perhaps over a period of many years.\r\n\r\nThere also is the question of the institutional context for such discussions.  Clearly, sending a message to\r\nanother civilization is more than just a scientific research project; it is a policy question that should be\r\naddressed by policy bodies.  The most universal of existing international policy bodies is the United \r\nNations; ultimately, it would seem appropriate for the issue to be addressed there, beginning with the\r\nCommittee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS).  However, given their existing agendas of more\r\npolitically pressing issues, United Nations bodies would be unlikely to give much attention to SETI issues\r\nin advance of a confirmed detection of a signal.\r\n\r\nThe initial work could begin outside the United Nations, perhaps in interested non-governmental bodies. \r\nAs a starting point, the International Academy of Astronautics, in consultation with the International Institute\r\nof Space Law, has developed, as part of this proposal (See III below), a draft agreement or declaration of\r\nprinciples for consideration by others.  In the initial stages, this draft agreement or declaration could be a\r\nfocal point for discussion rather than a finished, formal document.  Many mechanisms can be used to\r\nstimulate discussion, including workshops, public debates, university seminars, and media coverage.  This\r\nimplies a long, complex process that is unlikely to produce a quick agreement.  Given the magnitude of the\r\nquestions involved, it will be important to allow time for the development of some degree of consensus.\r\n\r\nInternational non-governmental organizations cannot themselves introduce matters for discussion by\r\nCOPUOS; only member governments can do this.  If a draft agreement or declaration were developed, one\r\nor more of the member governments would have to be persuaded to introduce it.  This draft could then be\r\nconsidered by the United Nations, through the COPUOS, and might be endorsed by the COPUOS and the\r\nGeneral Assembly as international policy.\r\n\r\nPeriodic reports or presentations by interested non-government bodies to the COPUOS would be useful to\r\nkeep governments informed and to facilitate subsequent approval of a draft declaration.  If a signal were\r\nreceived and confirmed, the COPUOS might be willing to devote more time and attention to the issue and\r\nto texts.\r\n\r\nIII.  A Draft Declaration of Principles Concerning Sending Communications to Extraterrestrial\r\n      Intelligence\r\n\r\nRather than trying to decide the substance of our decisions in advance, it may be more fruitful to focus on\r\nthe process by which the human species as a whole might decide whether and how to send a message.  It\r\nprobably is premature to try to develop the text of a formal international agreement on the subject.  However,\r\nthis is not the only option.  A technique used with some success in the United Nations system is to first\r\naddress issues through the development of non-binding declarations of principles.  For example, the Outer\r\nSpace Treaty of 1967 originated from such a declaration.  A declaration of principles could establish\r\nconsensus on procedures enabling all humans, through appropriate representatives, to participate in the\r\nmaking of decisions on the sending of communications to an extraterrestrial civilization.\r\n\r\nAs a starting point for discussion, the draft agreement or declaration might include the following basic\r\nprinciples:\r\n\r\n1.  The decision on whether or not to send a message to extraterrestrial intelligence should be made by an\r\n    appropriate international body, broadly representative of Humankind.\r\n\r\n2.  If a decision is made to send a message to extraterrestrial intelligence, it should be sent on behalf of all\r\n    Humankind, rather than from individual States or groups.\r\n\r\n3.  The content of such a message should be developed through an appropriate international process,\r\n    reflecting a broad consensus.\r\n\r\nAnnex 2 presents a proposed text of a declaration of principles on the sending of a communication to\r\nextraterrestrial intelligence.  This is simply a draft, to be revised as necessary in later discussions.  However,\r\nit provides a starting point for an important and intellectually exciting debate with potentially profound\r\nconsequences.\r\n\r\nAnnexes\r\n\r\n1.  Declaration of Principles Concerning Activities Following the Detection of Extraterrestrial Intelligence\r\n\r\n2.  Draft Declaration of Principles Concerning Sending Communications with Extraterrestrial Intelligence\r\n\r\nAnnex  1\r\n\r\nDeclaration of Principles Concerning Activities Following the Detection of Extraterrestrial Intelligence\r\n\r\nWe, the institutions and individuals participating in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence,\r\n\r\nRecognizing that the search for extraterrestrial intelligence is an integral part of space exploration and is\r\nbeing undertaken for peaceful purposes and for the common interest of all mankind,\r\n\r\nInspired by the profound significance for mankind of detecting evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence, even\r\nthough the probability of detection may be low,\r\n\r\nRecalling the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer\r\nSpace, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, which commits States Parties to that Treaty \"to\r\ninform the Secretary General of the United Nations as well as the public and the international scientific\r\ncommunity, to the greatest extent feasible and practicable, of the nature, conduct, locations and results\" of\r\ntheir space exploration activities (Article XI),\r\n\r\nRecognizing that any initial detection may be incomplete or ambiguous and thus require careful examination\r\nas well as confirmation, and that it is essential to maintain the highest standards of scientific responsibility\r\nand credibility,\r\n\r\nAgree to observe the following principles for disseminating information about the detection of\r\nextraterrestrial intelligence:\r\n\r\n1.  Any individual, public or private research institution, or governmental agency that believes it has\r\n    detected a signal from or other evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence (the discoverer) should seek to\r\n    verify that the most plausible explanation for the evidence is the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence\r\n    rather than some other natural phenomenon or anthropogenic phenomenon before making any public\r\n    announcement.  If the evidence cannot be confirmed as indicating the existence of extraterrestrial\r\n    intelligence, the discoverer may disseminate the information as appropriate to the discovery of any\r\n    unknown phenomenon.\r\n\r\n2.  Prior to making a public announcement that evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence has been detected,\r\n    the discoverer should promptly inform all other observers or research organizations that are parties to\r\n    this declaration, so that those other parties may seek to confirm the discovery by independent\r\n    observations at other sites and so that a network can be established to enable continuous monitoring\r\n    of the signal or phenomenon.  Parties to this declaration should not make any public announcement of\r\n    this information until it is determined whether this information is or is not credible evidence of the\r\n    existence of extraterrestrial intelligence.  The discoverer should inform his\/her or its relevant national\r\n    authorities.\r\n\r\n3.  After concluding that the discovery appears to be credible evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence, and\r\n    after informing other parties to this declaration, the discoverer should inform observers throughout the\r\n    world through the Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams of the International Astronomical Union,\r\n    and should inform the Secretary General of the United Nations in accordance with Article XI of the\r\n    Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space,\r\n    Including the Moon and Other Bodies.  Because of their demonstrated interest in and expertise\r\n    concerning the question of the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence, the discoverer should\r\n    simultaneously inform the following international institutions of the discovery and should provide them\r\n    with all pertinent data and recorded information concerning the evidence:  the International\r\n    Telecommunication Union, the Committee on Space Research, of the International Council of Scientific\r\n    Unions, the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, the\r\n    International Institute of Space Law, Commission 51 of the International Astronomical Union, and\r\n    Commission J of the International Radio Science Union.\r\n\r\n4.  A confirmed detection of extraterrestrial intelligence should be disseminated promptly, openly, and\r\n    widely through scientific channels and public media, observing the procedures in this declaration.  The\r\n    discoverer should have the privilege of making the first public announcement.\r\n\r\n5.  All data necessary for confirmation of detection should be made available to the international scientific\r\n    community through publications, meetings, conferences, and other appropriate means.\r\n\r\n6.  The discovery should be confirmed and monitored and any data bearing on the evidence of\r\n    extraterrestrial intelligence should be recorded and stored permanently to the greatest extent feasible\r\n    and practicable, in a form that will make it available for further analysis and interpretation.  These\r\n    recordings should be made available to the international institutions listed above and to members of the\r\n    scientific community for further objective analysis and interpretation.\r\n\r\n7.  If the evidence of detection is in the form of electromagnetic signals, the parties to this declaration\r\n    should seek international agreement to protect the appropriate frequencies by exercising procedures\r\n    available through the International Telecommunication Union.  Immediate notice should be sent to the\r\n    Secretary General of the ITU in Geneva, who may include a request to minimize transmissions on the\r\n    relevant frequencies in the Weekly Circular.  The Secretariat, in conjunction with advice of the Union's\r\n    Administrative Council, should explore the feasibility and utility of convening an Extraordinary\r\n    Administrative Radio Conference to deal with the matter, subject to the opinions of the member\r\n    Administrations of the ITU.\r\n\r\n8.  No response to a signal or other evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence should be sent until appropriate\r\n    international consultations have taken place.  The procedures for such consultations will be the subject\r\n    of a separate agreement, declaration or arrangement.\r\n\r\n9.  The SETI Committee of the International Academy of Astronautics, in coordination with Commission\r\n    51 of the International Astronomical Union, will conduct a continuing review of procedures for the\r\n    detection of extraterrestrial intelligence and the subsequent handling of the data. Should credible\r\n    evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence be discovered, an international committee of scientists and other\r\n    experts should be established to serve as a focal point for continuing analysis of all observational\r\n    evidence collected in the aftermath of the discovery, and also to provide advice on the release of\r\n    information to the public.  This committee should be constituted from representatives of each of the\r\n    international institutions listed above and such other members as the committee may deem necessary. \r\n    To facilitate the convocation of such a committee at some unknown time in the future, the SETI\r\n    Committee of the International Academy of Astronautics should initiate and maintain a current list of\r\n    willing representatives from each of the international institutions listed above, as well as other\r\n    individuals with relevant skills, and should make that list continuously available through the Secretariat\r\n    of the International Academy of Astronautics.  The International Academy of Astronautics will act as\r\n    the Depository for this declaration and will annually provide a current list of parties to all the parties\r\n    to this declaration.\r\n\r\nAnnex 2\r\n\r\nDraft Declaration of Principles Concerning the Sending of Communications to Extraterrestrial\r\nIntelligence\r\n\r\nThe States participating in this Declaration,\r\n\r\nRecognizing that a scientific search for evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence is being conducted with\r\nincreasingly effective means,\r\n\r\nAcknowledging the possibility of discovering such evidence,\r\n\r\nRecognizing the potentially profound importance of such a discovery for Humankind,\r\n\r\nNoting the existence of procedures for the verification and announcement of a detection of evidence of\r\nextraterrestrial intelligence,\r\n\r\nConscious of the question of whether and how Humankind should send a communication to extraterrestrial\r\nintelligence,\r\n\r\nDesiring to establish an orderly process for dealing with that question,\r\n\r\nAgree to the following Principles:\r\n\r\nI\r\n\r\nInternational consultations should be initiated to consider the question of sending communications to\r\nextraterrestrial civilizations.\r\n\r\nII\r\n\r\nConsultations on whether a message should be sent, and its content, should take place within the Committee\r\non the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space of the United Nations and within other governmental and\r\nnon-governmental organizations, and should accommodate participation by qualified, interested groups that\r\ncan contribute constructively to these consultations.\r\n\r\nIII\r\n\r\nThese consultations should be open to participation by all interested States and should be intended to lead\r\nto recommendations reflecting a consensus.\r\n\r\nIV\r\n\r\nThe United Nations General Assembly should consider making the decision on whether or not to send a\r\nmessage to extraterrestrial intelligence, and on what the content of that message should be, based on\r\nrecommendations from the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and from governmental and\r\nnon-governmental organizations.\r\n\r\nV\r\n\r\nIf a decision is made to send a message to extraterrestrial intelligence, it should be sent on behalf of all\r\nHumankind, rather than from individual States.\r\n\r\nVI\r\n\r\nThe content of such a message should reflect a careful concern for the broad interests and well-being of\r\nHumanity, and should be made available to the public in advance of transmission.\r\n\r\nVII\r\n\r\nAs the sending of a communication to extraterrestrial intelligence could lead to an exchange of\r\ncommunications separated by many years, consideration should be given to a long-term institutional\r\nframework for such communications.\r\n\r\nVIII\r\n\r\nNo communication to extraterrestrial intelligence should be sent by any State until appropriate international\r\nconsultations have taken place.  States should not cooperate with attempts to communicate with\r\nextraterrestrial\r\nintelligence that do not conform to the principles in this Declaration.\r\n\r\nIX\r\n\r\nIn their deliberations on these questions, States participating in this Declaration and United Nations bodies\r\nshould draw on the expertise of scientists, scholars, and other persons with relevant knowledge.\r\n\r\nX\r\n\r\nShould a decision be made to send a communication, the encoding and transmission of the message should\r\nbe assigned to scientists and engineers specializing in the technologies required.\r\n\r\nReferences\r\n\r\n1.  An elegant overview of the extraterrestrial life debate is provided by Karl S. Guthke in The Last\r\n    Frontier:  Imagining Other Worlds, from the Copernican Revolution to Modern Science Fiction. \r\n    Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London (1990).\r\n\r\n2.  G. Cocconi and P. Morrison, \"Searching for Interstellar Communications,\"  Nature, Vol. 184, pp.\r\n    844-846 (1959).\r\n\r\n3.  F.D. Drake, \"Project Ozma.\"  Physics Today, Vol. 14, pp. 40-46 (1961).\r\n\r\n4.  For recent surveys of SETI activities, see D. Goldsmith, \"SETI:  The Search Heats Up.\" Sky and\r\n    Telescope, pp. 141-143 (Feb. 1988), and J.C. Tarter, \"SETI Observations Worldwide.\" The Search for\r\n    Extraterrestrial Life: Recent Developments,  M.G. Papagiannis (Ed.), Reidel, Dordrecht, The\r\n    Netherlands, pp. 271-290 (1985).\r\n\r\n5.  See \"SETI Post-Detection Protocol,\" a Special Issue of Acta Astronautica, Vol. 21, No. 2, J.C. Tarter\r\n    and M.A. Michaud (Eds.) (Feb. 1990).\r\n\r\n6.  See, for example, G.A. Lemarchand and D.E. Tarter, \"Active Search Strategies and the SETI Protocols: \r\n    Is There a Conflict?\"  Space Policy, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 134-142 (May 1994).\r\n\r\n7.  See A.E. Goodman, \"Diplomacy and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence.\"  Acta Astronautica,\r\n    Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 137-142 (Feb. 1990), and P. Ney, \"An Extraterrestrial Contact Treaty?\"  Journal of\r\n    the British Interplanetary Society, Vol. 38, pp. 521-522 (1985).\r\n\r\n8.  D. Goldsmith, \"Who Will Speak For Earth?\"  Acta Astronautica, Op. Cit., pp. 149-151.\r\n\r\n9.  M.A. Michaud, J. Billingham, and J.C. Tarter, \"A Reply From Earth:  A Proposed Approach to\r\n    Developing a Message From Humankind to Extraterrestrial Intelligence.\"  Paper presented at the\r\n    Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, Dresden, Germany (Oct. 1990).<\/pre>\n
<\/pre>\n
Fonte – The Columbus Optical SETI Observatory<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
This open document is a proposal to begin serious international consultation on the question of future
\nattempts deliberately to transmit electromagnetic signals from Earth to extraterrestrial civilizations.  It was prepared over a number of years in the SETI Committee of the International Academy of Astronautics by a special subcommittee under the leadership of Michael Michaud.  It has been endorsed by the Board of
\nTrustees of the Academy, which decided to make it a formal Academy Position Paper.  It has also been
\nendorsed by the Board of Directors of the International Institute of Space Law.  Both organizations consider that the questions raised in the document are of sufficient import to warrant sending it to many nations with a request that they consider bringing it to the attention of the Committee of the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space of the United Nations, for further study, and possible action, on behalf of all humankind.  To begin this process, letters will be going out to the COPUOS nations shortly.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[215],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-seti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enricobaccarini.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1971","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enricobaccarini.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enricobaccarini.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enricobaccarini.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enricobaccarini.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1971"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.enricobaccarini.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1971\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enricobaccarini.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1971"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enricobaccarini.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1971"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enricobaccarini.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1971"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}